Nearly two-thirds of all women killed by firearms are killed by an intimate partner. Firearms are the most frequently used weapons in intimate partner homicide, eclipsing all other weapons combined. This article discusses the fundamentals of prosecuting the possession of firearms by prohibited persons generally, while focusing on issues involved in prosecuting domestic violence related firearms charges specifically, from both a state and federal perspective. The authors also examine the impact of the most recent U.S. Supreme Court firearms decisions on prosecuting domestic violence firearms charges.